Some Stereotypical Jobs for Woman - 1388 Words

A woman’s only job is to stay at home, take care of her family, and pleasure her man. What is a man’s job? â€Å"Men, they do everything,† quoted a fellow male classmate, â€Å"Men get the real money.† But it is the twenty-first century! Women are no longer expected to stay at home; they have taken roles as teachers, doctors, C.E.O.s, part of the military, and the list goes on. As for men, it is now acceptable for them to stay at home, take care of their families or even become nannies and nurses. Will Meek, creator of website â€Å"Psychology of Men†, defined gender role as a set of attitudes, behaviors, and self-presentation methods ascribed to members of a certain biological sex. Gender roles have changed throughout the course of American history;†¦show more content†¦Make your personal appearance just as beautiful as possible† (Hill’s Manual of Social and Business Forms, 1888). It didn’t really matter whether she was happy or not. A woman’s purpose in life was to obey her family and her husband’s family and make them pleased. A man’s purpose in life was also to please his family by becoming someone important and bringing his family satisfaction and honor. They were told what to become and didn’t exactly have a choice; they had to obey by what their families wanted. In some cases, this still stands today, but some families aren’t as harsh and are a little more lenient. He was also to provide nourishment and shelter for his wife and children. Society back then would laugh and judge a man that obeys his wife and puts her before himself. They would look down to a man that would rather become a nurse rather than a politician. They expected a man to be in control. Families back then wanted to birth males so that they can expand the family name and gain power. The males represented the family as whole, whereas the females represented their husbands and their kids. Ne ither men nor women continued to be what society wanted them to be. The shift in women’s roles was a turning point in American culture in the late nineteenth century. They started fighting for their equality and proving that they are worth more than a man’s property. Women began their fight in 1848 with the fight for women suffrage. FourShow MoreRelatedThe Stereotypes Of Racial Stereotypes Essay1524 Words   |  7 PagesHilary Swift, this photo presents an African American woman, waiting for a bus that can take her to the Kitchen of Love, a food pantry that located in Philadelphia aiming to feed people suffering from hunger, where she volunteers. It happens in dawn so it’s still dark outside. The surroundings give us an idea that it should take place in a black neighborhood (Stolberg â€Å"Black Voters, Aghast at Trump, Find a Place of Food and Comfort†). The woman is staring at the direction where the bus is coming,Read MoreGender Stereotyping Essay1134 Words   |  5 PagesStereotypical behavior is not a new trend, but rather an ongoing lifestyle for today’s society. Gender stereotyping, a sub-category of stereotypes, opens many revelations, developments, and behaviors. While there are psychologists that differ in opinion, education and employment seems to be the primary sources where it is believed that most people both obtains and acts out their stereotypical behavior (Sax Harper 671). The origins of gender differences are particularly hard to trace, but argumentsRead MoreRacial Stereotypes : Race And American Culture Essay1587 Words   |  7 Pagesrecently being reversed†, the portrayal of minorities on visual media is still not exemplary (Horton, et al â€Å"PORTRAYAL OF MINORITIES IN THE FILM, MEDIA AND ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRIES†). Taken by Hilary Swift, this photo presents an African American woman, waiting for a bus that can take her to the Kitchen of Love, a food pantry that located in Philadelphia aiming to feed people suffering from hunger. She is currently a volunteer there as stated in the article on New York Times. It happens at dawnRead More The Chrysanthemums Essay688 Words   |  3 Pagesby their significant other take a chance with life and try to become the independent woman others dream about at night. On the Allen’s farm, chrysanthemums flourish, but does Elisa Allen flourish with them? With tender care, the flowers grow heartily and healthily, though the one who tends them is not so satisfied with her rooting in life. In â€Å"Chrysanthemums,† John Steinbeck portrays Elisa Allen as a stereotypical female, yearning to bloom like the flowers she harvests. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;AnRead MoreGender As A Man And The Role Of A Woman932 Words   |  4 Pages Many people define gender as the range of characteristics pertaining to, and differentiating between, masculinity and femininity. In modern and traditional society, gender is used to teach the â€Å"role of a man and the role of a woman†. The role of gender in adolescent literature dates back to the first kind of literature for children, oral folk tales. On the beaches of Greece, Homer told the tale of Odysseus. A Greek king, who was strong, fearless and wise; whom traveled great lands and fought manyRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson739 Words   |  3 PagesA stereotype is a generalization that is used to describe a group, race, or a gender of people. The term is often used in a negative connotation that attributes to certain characteristics. The ideology of stereotypical gender roles are universal throughout all cultures and races. In â€Å"The Lottery†, Shirley Jackson details the obvious stereotypes in the small village where the story takes place. Jackson sh ows many contrasting view of the roles of men and women in â€Å"The Lottery†. Also, she representsRead MoreThe Resistance Workers Of France1508 Words   |  7 Pages For the Resistance workers of France, gender had a defining impact on the roles and jobs open to women where they were both utilized and supported. They played a key role in the Resistance of Vichy France from a scattering of leadership roles, to support roles, to secretarial and liaison work. These women were galvanized and motivated for different reasons: for the political, to moral, to patriotic or for the desire to do something. Even women beyond the network of the official groups of ResistanceRead MoreBrave New World By Aldous Huxley1525 Words   |  7 PagesBrave New World written by Aldous Huxley in 1932 is known for its social satire, utopian values, and unusual standpoints on stereotypical gender roles. In this time where futuristic technology has completely taken over, and men and women are give n the same opportunities for everything, â€Å"the genders appear equal within the social order; both men and women work at the same jobs, have equal choice in sexual partners, and participate in the same leisure pursuits† (March 53). Huxley makes for a ratherRead MoreGender Representation Of The Science1317 Words   |  6 Pagesthoroughly explains men are more into science profession and women are more likely to become teachers. In this article, men and women shows a stereotypical representation in online science education resources, it highlights the mood that is needed to generate a balanced representation both genders. Even though, the representation of the men and women is stereotypical, aiming for a more balanced representation will reflect the true image of gender distribution in science. With this balance, it shows theRead MoreRepresentation Of Women And Gender991 Words   |  4 Pagescarry out a stereotypical role of women. Men were the bread earners and women, the bread bakers. The most powerful voice for feminism can be found in literature. Writers often say in text what many will not say aloud. Junot Diaz’s â€Å"Drown† and Rabindranath Tagore’s â€Å"Punishment† portray women in similar expected female roles. The women in their stories are wives and mothers, the caretakers of the family by preparing meals and raising children. Tagore explores the independence of a woman while Diaz chooses

Compare And Contrast Pericles And Alcibiades - 874 Words

The Peloponnesian war lasted from 431 to 404 B.C. and was profoundly influenced by two Athenian men, Pericles and Alcibiades. Though Pericles and Alcibiades were related by blood they were quite different. Pericles was a diplomat, he approached matters with a level head and tried to find a solution that did not end in bloodshed. Alcibiades was less stable, he either fought, manipulated, or ran when confronted with a problem. Both men spoke eloquently enough to move almost the entire city of Athens, using their words to bend people to their will. What was different between them was what their will was, one cared about the city and its wellbeing, the other cared about his own wellbeing. Pericles and Alcibiades were both students of†¦show more content†¦In his ambitions to conquer Sicily and then move on to Italy and the Peloponnesus, he also shows this thirst.12 The Athenians recognized Alcibiadess brilliance and ruthlessness so they elected Nicias as a general to [temper] his rashness.13 Alcibiades resorted to violence to gain glory, Pericles, on the other hand, attempted to prolong peace and settle matters with diplomacy. He once tried to persuade the cities to send delegates to meet in Athens to discuss restorations of temples destroyed during the war with Persia, but nothing came of his plan because of Spartan opposition.14 He even went so far as to bribe the chief magistrates of Sparta to buy time to prepare for war, which he knew was inevitable.15 In his funeral oration, Pericles praises Athens and the citys focus on balance between personal care and care for the state. He compared it to Sparta, where personal comfort was overlooked to benefit the state and said that the personal comfort allowed to Athenians is what makes the war worth fighting.16 By praising Athens, he showed his love and loyalty to his city. Alcibiades had no such loyalty. When he fled to Sparta he was asked if he did not trust his country, his answer was with everything other than his life.17 When in Sparta he gave military advice that caused more ruin and destruction to his city than anything else.18 After

Decision Support System Free Essays

ASSIGNMENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ADMINISTRATION NAME : QUDSIA AZEEM CLASS: BBA 3B DATE : 27-3-2013 JINNAH UNIVERSITY FOR WOMEN SUMMARY OF THE ARTICLE DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS AND WEB TECHNOLOGIES: A STATUS REPORT DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS, WORLD-WIDE WEB, DATA DRIVEN DSS, MODEL-DRIVEN DSS, IMPLEMENTATION. Introduction to DSS: A decision support system (DSS) is a computer-based information system that supports business or organizational decision-making activities. DSSs serve the management, operations, and planning levels of an organization and help to make decisions, which may be rapidly changing and not easily specified in advance. We will write a custom essay sample on Decision Support System or any similar topic only for you Order Now Decision support systems can be either fully computerized, human or a combination of both. DSSs include knowledge-based systems. A properly designed DSS is an interactive software-based system intended to help decision makers compile useful information from a combination of raw data, documents, and personal knowledge, or business models to identify and solve problems and make decisions. World-Wide Web technologies have rapidly transformed the entire design, development and implementation process for all types of Decision Support Systems. In particular, Web technologies have provided a new media for sharing information about decision support and a new means of delivering decision support capabilities. For DSS developers, the big leap forward is to use the â€Å"Web as computer†. Modern decision support systems (DSS) provide managers a wide range of capabilities. Computerized systems support decision tasks like information gathering, model building, sensitivity analysis, collaboration, alternative evaluation and decision implementation. Also, decision support is increasingly integrated in business processes and DSS are used for ad hoc analyses. This paper reviews the current status of Decision Support Systems in the context of developments in Web technologies. The article contains brief historical reviews, discussions on implementations of decision support system and the major part of this article is ‘’State of Practice of DSS in 2001’’ HISTORY: Information Systems researchers and technologists have built and investigated computerized Decision Support Systems (DSS) for approximately 40 years. This article chronicles and explores the developments related to building and deploying DSS. The journey begins with building model-driven DSS in the late 1960s, theory developments in the 1970s, and implementation of financial planning systems, spreadsheet-based DSS and Group DSS in the early and mid 1980s. Data warehouses, Executive Information Systems, OLAP and Business Intelligence evolved in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Finally, the chronicle ends with knowledge-driven DSS and the implementation of Web-based DSS beginning in the mid-1990s. The field of computerized decision support is expanding to use new technologies and to create new applications.. Web-Based Decision Support Systems : Power (1998b) defined a Web-Based Decision Support System as a computerized system that delivers decision support information or decision support tools to a manager or business analyst using a â€Å"thin-client† Web browser like Netscape Navigator or Internet Explorer. The computer server that is hosting the DSS application is linked to the user’s computer by a network with the TCP/IP protocol. The idea of Web-enabled or Web-Based Decision Support Systems as services has been explored by various researchers and involves the concept of offering decision computation technologies as services on the Web. The recent popularity and widespread use of the World Wide Web and the Internet has been accompanied by the development of a variety of computing technologies that enable the realization of the â€Å"decision technologies as services† vision. Bhargava and Krishnan (1998) discussed the role of a series of enabling technologies in the context of Model-Driven DSS, covering technologies that enable the use of the Web for communication of decision information and computation, technologies that enable the remote and platform-independent access of DSS, and technologies that allow DSS components to be distributed over the Web. Web Technologies and DSS Tasks: Web technologies are making it possible to perform all of these tasks via a remote Web client. In thinking of such tasks, it is useful to recall the distinction made by Sprague (1980) about application-specific DSS that consist of software, data, and models for a specific decision problem and DSS generators that provide tools and algorithms for building a variety of specific DSS. Application-specific DSS are far easier to build, but rarely reusable; DSS generators are far more complex to build but can be adapted to build many specific systems. Figure 1 summarizes the relationships among 10 major tasks involved in building and using Data and Model-Driven DSS. For example, using an application-specific Model-Driven DSS, a user would be given the relevant decision models and data, and would focus on tasks such as model execution, development of reports, or analysis. Using a corresponding DSS generator, on the other hand, would require the performance of additional tasks such as model definition and creation of a custom user interface. IMPLEMENTATIONS OF DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM : STATE OF PRACTICE 2001: In a number of prior papers, we have examined the extent to which current DSS products have â€Å"Web-enabled† the above decision support related tasks, and we have examined the evolution of DSS and especially Web-Based DSS. In this section, we provide an informal tour of our major findings. Web technologies provide both the communication of decision-related information and software and a means of providing remote access to distributed DSS components. We discuss the first function in terms of the Web as media and the second we call the Web as computer. How these capabilities or functions can be used to support decision-making is still evolving. There is much scope for imagination here, but we have identified a few important beneficial uses of these capabilities and we will now review recent developments in each of these areas. WEB AS MEDIA: The Web has facilitated the creation of a number of industry-wide DSS Information Portals . For example, the OLAP Report and Data Ware housing Online Both are industry-wide decision support portals that offer information about software products, vendors, methodologies, and white papers in the context of OLAP and data warehousing technologies. DSSResources. COM is a â€Å"knowledge repository† for a broadly defined set of Decision Support Systems. IBM’s COIN initiative (http://oss. software. ibm. com/developerworks/opensource/coin/) and e-optimization. com offer similar portals for optimization. Info Harvest and the Decision Analysis Society have created portals related to decision analysis. Individual firms have used Web technologies to communicate information about their decision support products and methods, or allow users to conduct various tasks like ordering, payment or Internet delivery related to purchasing DSS products. In the context of using the Web for â€Å"providing company and product information† there is substantial activity across all categories of Decision Support Systems. WEB AS COMPUTER: We generally discuss the use of the â€Å"Web as computer† capabilities in three categories: digital product demonstrations, preview using online interactive examples, and on-line, Web-based Decision Support Systems. The first category, product demonstrations, represents a baseline for the use of the Web’s capabilities for remote computation. Online demonstrations can be delivered as animated multimedia documents (e. g. , QuickTime movies, or Shockwave animation) that require or allow little user interaction. As a next step, online interactive examples allow users to interact (e. g. , by setting parameter values, or choosing which command to execute next, or designing the format of a report) with the DSS tool in the context of a specific example. The next step in the use of the â€Å"Web as computer† capabilities is to offer application-specific DSS to users that have decision problems within the supported categories. Recall our earlier example of OptAmaze. com which provides paper trim optimization and transportation optimization services to paper mills. Grazing Systems Limited offers decision support services in the agricultural sector. The value of such deployment of DSS may be appreciated by considering the difficulties that user firms would have in installing, maintaining and applying complex DSS tools on their own; Web-enabled DSS allow such firms to use decision support tools without encountering these difficulties. CONCLUSION: The practice of building Decision Support Systems can benefit in many ways from the availability of Web technologies. These technologies provide platform-independent, remote, and distributed computation and the exchange of complex multimedia information. The state of practice has benefited considerably from these technologies but e need to resolve technological, economic and social and behavioral challenges to realize the benefits the Web can provide as a platform for building Decision Support Systems. DSS developers must continuously find ways around these limitations, or make use of recent and anticipated developments such as the new version of Internet protocols. To offer decision support as a service, providers must experiment with new payment models. Decision support capabilities are of great interest to a broad range of stakeholders and enormous resources have been and will be committed to building systems that promise to improve the quality, speed and effectiveness of specific decisions. We need to do much more than implement our technologies to build effective Decision Support Systems. How to cite Decision Support System, Essay examples

Home Pharmaceuticals Case Study Structure 2

Question: Home Pharmaceuticals Case Study Structure 2 (See Case Study 2 Assignment in your Study Book) 1.0 Gap Analysis I 1.1 Capability Gap Analysis Table Functional Area 1 Capability 2 Home Pharma Description of Homes capability 3 Average the Capabilities of Closest two (2) Competitors Describe capabilities 4 e.g. Manufacturing Technological superiority ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 1.2 Rate each capability by resource: Tangible resources e.g. Physical ? ? ? ? ? Intangible resources e.g. Brands ? ? ? ? ? ? Processes systems e.g. Decision tools ? ? ? ? ? Organisation culture e.g. Attitudes/work ethic Values ? ? ? ? ? ? 1.3 Capability Narrative: Capability 1 Capability 2 Capability 3 Capability 4 Capability 5 ? ? ? ? 1.4 Collect Evidence: 2.0 Gap Analysis II 2.1 Capability matching: Key Success Factors (from case study 1) 1 Capabilities (Take the capabilities from S1.3 above. That is, your choice of 5-10 capabilities). Match each capability with each KSF in Column 1) 2 e.g. 1.Research Development e.g. technological superiority is ..x, y, z 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 2.2 Capability Rating/Ranking KSFs Capabilities (From Table 2.1 above) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Technological superiority TOTAL Add each column to complete the exercise 2.3 Ranking Narrative: 3.0 Gap Analysis III 3.1 Choose five strategies: ? ? ? ? ? 3.2 Prepare Matrixes: Corporate Level Matrix Products/services Existing New Markets Existing Market penetration New products/services New Market development Diversification Business Level Matrix Competitive advantage Lower Cost Differentiation Competitive Scope Broad Target Cost Leadership Differentiation Narrow Target Cost Focus Differentiation Focus 3.3 The 5 questions: Does the organisation plan to grow? What product services does it plan to produce? What customers does it plan to service? Which generic strategies will it follow? What position in the industry will it occupy? Answer: Home Pharmaceuticals Case Study Structure 2 1.0 Gap Analysis I 1.1 Capability Gap Analysis Table Functional Area 1 Capability 2 Home Pharma Description of Homes capability 3 Average the Capabilities of Closest two (2) Competitors Describe capabilities 4 Manufacturing Technological superiority The pharmaceuticals industry of Malaysia, even though has been growing with respect to reputation, has been losing the workers with high quality in comparison with the industry of Singapore and Australia. However, Home Pharmaceuticals has changed this view by manufacturing generics in the local context that are proprietary drugs. Huge importance is being given for new ways of innovation allowing the organization for the establishment of stronger presence within the market of Malaysia. One significant competitor is Pharmaniaga Berhad that is an organization for holding investments. By its subsidiaries, the company is responsible for the manufacturing, marketing and distributing medical products and pharmaceutical drugs to the private institutions and government hospitals. The organization also has the capability of providing web portal services to trade the products of health care by online sources. Another significant competitor is Kotra Pharma in comparison with the research facilities regarding state of the art that mainly creates a focus over the solutions of health care in the areas of therapeutic. Kotra is known to provide categories of health or vitamin supplements that represents the turnover of the company. Operational Activities Balance in Generics and Proprietary The company has been making attempts to bring balance in both, generics as well as proprietary, however, managed and conceived are important to go forward. In the current context, Home has patented more than 30 local drugs and since recent times, there have been new designs for hearing devices and hearing aids with respect to challenge. Hovid Berhad is one of the most leading pharmaceutical manufacturers of Malaysia with innovative preparations of medicines and high quality and supplements of health with the distribution of 400 products in more than 50 nations across the globe. CCM Duopharma had opened in the year 1979 that has manufactured and developed irrigational solutions, haemodialysis, injectables, capsules, and tablets. Since recent times, the company has made an agreement for being an exclusive distributor of joint ventures and international products. Organizational Structure Centralized Structure The present CEO for the organization is PK Lee while the position of the chief operating officer is given to Mary Chua. Dr. Paul Greenwood, along with his team having thirty specialist technical with high qualification and the staff of science, heads up development and research. There are three managers of three different divisions for handling the department of OTC, strategic business units of Health Food and Hearing Devices. Each and every single strategic business unit has its own product manager, manufacturing manager, and almost 200 workers within the setting of the factory. Hence, it can be stated that the organizational structure is flat. There is a presence of one major facility of manufacturing situated in an Industrial Park in the region of Kuala Lampur that is responsible for the facilitation of each and every manufacturing for the distribution of each and every product within all of the divisions. Duopharma has been making a great effort for provision of health services for each and every single individual within the population of Malaysia. Hence, in support to this, the government of Malaysia has been increasing the amount of budget to be invested in the area of health by 14.5 per cent. Hence, the structure of the organization is being given huge importance. 1.3 Capability Narrative: Capability 1 The capability that has been identified is under the area of manufacturing having a superior position when it comes to technological consideration. The field of technology plays a significant role for the organizations, particularly in the industry of pharmaceuticals. The pharmaceuticals industry of Malaysia, even though has been growing with respect to reputation, has been losing the workers with high quality in comparison with the industry of Singapore and Australia. However, Home Pharmaceuticals has changed this view by manufacturing generics in the local context that are proprietary drugs. Huge importance is being given for new ways of innovation allowing the organization for the establishment of stronger presence within the market of Malaysia. The organization also has the capability of providing web portal services to trade the products of health care by online sources. Capability 2 The next capability that has been identified is under the area of operational activities that there is maintenance of balance in the generics and the proprietary. The company has been making attempts to bring balance in both, generics as well as proprietary, however, managed and conceived are important to go forward. In the current context, Home has patented more than 30 local drugs and since recent times, there have been new designs for hearing devices and hearing aids with respect to challenge (Wolfe 2010). It is one of the most leading pharmaceutical manufacturers of Malaysia with innovative preparations of medicines and high quality and supplements of health with the distribution of 400 products in more than 50 nations across the globe. It has manufactured and developed irrigational solutions, haemodialysis, injectables, capsules, and tablets. Since recent times, the company has made an agreement for being an exclusive distributor of joint ventures and international products. Capability 3 The next capability that has been identified is under the area of organizational structure that it is highly centralized in nature. The present CEO for the organization is PK Lee while the position of the chief operating officer is given to Mary Chua. Dr. Paul Greenwood, along with his team having thirty specialist technical with high qualification and the staff of science, heads up development and research. There are three managers of three different divisions for handling the department of OTC, strategic business units of Health Food and Hearing Devices. Each and every single strategic business unit has its own product manager, manufacturing manager, and almost 200 workers within the setting of the factory. Hence, it can be stated that the organizational structure is flat. There is a presence of one major facility of manufacturing situated in an Industrial Park in the region of Kuala Lampur that is responsible for the facilitation of each and every manufacturing for the distributio n of each and every product within all of the divisions. Hence, in support to this, the government of Malaysia has been increasing the amount of budget to be invested in the area of health by 14.5 per cent. Hence, the structure of the organization is being given huge importance. 1.4 Collect Evidence: Technology is no doubt the most significantly important factors that have been influencing the success of the organization prevailing and surviving within the age of technology. Efficient, effective and timely implementation of equipment and tools that help in increasing the speed for the delivery of the information that is primary factor for competitive benefit. However, there is often a rise in the determination of how adoption of tools and integrating them within the business. These contribute in interrupting the business and lead towards failure in the acquisition of software and on frequent is more costly, with respect to resources, money, and lost opportunities that necessitate an approach based on innovation. Hence, this can be considered as being appropriately aligned with the strategic advantages of the organization (Basu 2008). The organization of Home has a number of competitive advantages that show the importance of this capability in accordance with the considerations an d strategy important to match the technologies of SAS with key drivers of business at the scale of corporate. The structure of the organization is the set- up of bureaucracy of the organization through which the facilities, staff and other resources being in organization with the effective accomplishment of the purposes for which the establishment of organization has been done. Considering the centralized structure of the organization, it can be stated that there is huge reliability over a single individual for making decisions and providing direction for the organization (Wolfe 2010). The business has been using this particular structure as the owner has the responsibility for the business operations of the company. This has contributed in making the organization highly efficient with respect to the decisions of business. However, by following this particular structure of the organization do not always need significant value for the time of planning. The present CEO for the organiz ation is PK Lee while the position of the chief operating officer is given to Mary Chua. Dr. Paul Greenwood, along with his team having thirty specialist technical with high qualification and the staff of science, heads up development and research. There are three managers of three different divisions for handling the department of OTC, strategic business units of Health Food and Hearing Devices. Each and every single strategic business unit has its own product manager, manufacturing manager, and almost 200 workers within the setting of the factory. Hence, it can be stated that the organizational structure is flat. There is a presence of one major facility of manufacturing situated in an Industrial Park in the region of Kuala Lampur that is responsible for the facilitation of each and every manufacturing for the distribution of each and every product within all of the divisions. 2.0 Gap Analysis II 2.1 Capability matching: Key Success Factors 1 Capabilities 2 1.Research Development Research and Development is the main element and key factor of success for the organization, and for having appropriate plans and being utilized for enabling a business organization for the generation of increased amount of wealth with the passage of time. For an organization such as this, research is involved for conducting investigations within the latest technology that are important for the industry of pharmaceuticals. Development is referred to as the process to trial and apply the important technologies. The research and development with technology provides assistance for the development of its strong position within the industry of pharmaceuticals. 2. Appropriate change management The level of clawback for the generics contributes in incorporating an appropriate balance for increasing the rate of compensation for the simultaneous trends within the rate of proprietary clawback. There has been a new program with the help of this capability for allowing the contractors for the pharmacy of community for the retention of a level being agreed upon regarding the profit being purchased. 3. Competitive Advantage The organization of Home has a number of competitive advantages that show the importance of this capability in accordance with the considerations and strategy important to match the technologies of SAS with key drivers of business at the scale of corporate (Wolfe 2010). The structure of the organization is the set- up of bureaucracy of the organization through which the facilities, staff and other resources being in organization with the effective accomplishment of the purposes for which the establishment of organization has been done. Considering the centralized structure of the organization, it can be stated that there is huge reliability over a single individual for making decisions and providing direction for the organization. 2.2 Capability Rating/Ranking KSFs Capabilities 1 2 3 4 5 6 Technological Superiority 3 6 8 1 7 4 Balance in Operational Activities 7 7 5 2 4 9 Centralized Structure of organization 4 7 5 7 8 9 TOTAL Add each column to complete the exercise 2.3 Ranking Narrative: Technology is no doubt the most significantly important factors that have been influencing the success of the organization prevailing and surviving within the age of technology. Efficient, effective and timely implementation of equipment and tools that help in increasing the speed for the delivery of the information that is primary factor for competitive benefit. However, there is often a rise in the determination of how adoption of tools and integrating them within the business. These contribute in interrupting the business and lead towards failure in the acquisition of software and on frequent is more costly, with respect to resources, money, and lost opportunities that necessitate an approach based on innovation (Brezis 2008). Considering the centralized structure of the organization, it can be stated that there is huge reliability over a single individual for making decisions and providing direction for the organization. The business has been using this particular structure as th e owner has the responsibility for the business operations of the company. This has contributed in making the organization highly efficient with respect to the decisions of business. However, by following this particular structure of the organization do not always need significant value for the time of planning. 3.0 Gap Analysis III In the literature of management, analysis of gap is comparing the literal performance with the desired or potential performance. If an organization or the company has not been making the best utilization of present resources, or forgoing investment in technology or capital, it may contribute in performing or producing below the level of potentiality (Cassels 2005). This concept has similarity to the being of economy below the frontier for the possibilities of production. 3.1 Choose five strategies: 1. Identifying the Trends: The organization must begin with the gaps that are known. The gaps that are known are the ones having general agreement regarding their significance and identity. For an example, there might be knowledge of about the competitors is regarding the introduction of new products which is approximately 20 per cent faster in comparison with the products being in hand of the organization (Steinman 2009). Since there can be an announcement of press, demonstrations can be made lively which seems to be confirming the claims and a developed record of track related to the competitors, one can have a firm belief that the claims and products are for real. Further ahead, the organization should be giving huge importance to the customers for performing in a well manner. 3. Creation of Backlog for the Potential Gaps: Potential gaps do not seem to be meeting the complete criteria for being considered as the gaps that are known. There might be missing of information regarding the accurate nature related to the impact or its gap involved. The appropriate action should be focused on keeping track related to the potential gap and for assigning someone that is the function of competitive intelligence for the collection of information in a significant manner (Wolfe 2010). Then where there is crossing of the threshold being uncertain, and the evidence seem to be more substantial in nature, there can be escalation of the potential gap with respect to the known status of gap. 4. List of Triggers: Triggers cannot be considered as gaps. Rather, they are announcements, activities, events and such that may contribute in providing signal gaps in the future context. These are highly relevant as a rare combination, organizations have been operating in a vacuum area. Public organizations particularly, signal much of what they are planning to do by each and every category of disclosures (Steinman 2009). If there is attuning with respect to these disclosures, hints can be availed for the future directions of strategies. 5. Identifying the main trends: This should be keeping tracks of the legal, consideration, products, technology and demography and a number of different areas that is relevant. In consideration of technology, the wide trends of things end up becoming cheaper, faster, smaller and increased communication cannot be considered as being revelation for majority of the people. 6. In the literature of management, analysis of gap is comparing the literal performance with the desired or potential performance. If an organization or the company has not been making the best utilization of present resources, or forgoing investment in technology or capital, it may contribute in performing or producing below the level of potentiality (Steinman 2009). This concept has similarity to the being of economy below the frontier for the possibilities of production. 3.2 Prepare Matrixes: Corporate Level Matrix Products/services Existing New Markets Existing Market penetration Sale of more similar categories of the products to the same categories of customers being targeted. New products/services Sale of new products to the customers that are already a strong base. New Market development Sale of the current products with the customer that are already present. Diversification Sale of new products to the new base of customers. Business Level Matrix Competitive advantage Lower Cost Differentiation Competitive Scope Broad Target Cost Leadership Mainly having low feasibility for the industry of pharmaceuticals. Differentiation The production of medicine is small in size but with an attempt for broadening the target with the activities of tourism Narrow Target Cost Focus Focusing on a new wave for the presentation of medicines with cheaper amount of costs. Differentiation Focus Smaller organizations focusing on the situation of the production being made. References Basu, A. 2008. Characteristics of patients receiving pharmaceutical samples and association between sample receipt and out-of-pocket prescription costs.Medical Care, 46, pp. 394-402. Brezis, M. 2008. Big pharma and health care: unsolvable conflict of interests between private enterprise and public health.Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci45(2), pp. 839 Cassels, M. 2005. Selling sickness: How the world's biggest pharmaceutical companies are turning us all into patients. Nation Books, New York. Steinman, M. 2009. The Neurontin legacy: marketing through misinformation and manipulation.N. Engl. J. Med.360(2), pp. 1036. Wolfe, M.D. 2010. Rapidly Increasing Criminal and Civil Monetary Penalties Against the Pharmaceutical Industry: 19912010. Public Citizens Health Research Group.

The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano free essay sample

â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano† From Olaudah Equiano’s autobiography published in 1776, historians are able to understand the significant difference between how the business of slavery was conducted between Europeans and Africans. Throughout Equiano’s journey, he recalled how the European and African slave traders and owners differed in the treatment of slaves. Although both Africans and Europeans viewed slavery as a business and traded slaves as property, the European’s treatment of slaves was much more horrific and inhumane. Thus, from his personal accounts traveling throughout parts of Africa and across the Atlantic Ocean, he was able to write from his perspective as a slave which provides historians an accurate firsthand account of the slave trade. From Equiano’s earliest account of childhood in the African region of Nigeria, slavery was a common practice amongst Africans in the region. He noted that slaves â€Å"were only prisoners of war, or such among us had been convicted of†¦crimes, which we esteemed heinous. We will write a custom essay sample on The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † (Equiano, p701. So from Equiano’s account, slavery amongst Africans was not for the purpose of profit and exploitation but rather out of necessity, custom and to assist slave owners. He even commented on that after he was abducted into the slave trade in Africa, he found his way into a chieftain and claimed that â€Å"they all used me extremely well, and did all they could to comfort me. Although the Africans used the practice of slavery as part of their common commerce from Equiano’s account of how he was traded numerous times, each African master throughout his journey treated him â€Å"ethically. We can even construe that African slave owner’s assimilated their slaves as part of the family from Equiano who considered one of his master’s wife â€Å"as something like a mother. † (Equiano,p701) We can also see how although slaves were still considered as property, the African slavers treated slaves as human beings from Equiano’s account of how one of his mistress washed him and even allowed him to eat with her and her son who are both free. Not only did they allow him to eat and drink before them, they also maintained common African customs when the mistress’s son â€Å"would not at any time either eat, or drink till I had taken first, because I was the eldest. †(Equiano,p702. ) From Equiano’s journey in the slave trade in Africa, we see many evidence of how the treatment and sale of slaves was much more â€Å"ethical† in context to his account of his later travels with European slavers. After Equiano had been traded to the Europeans to be transported across the Atlantic to Barbados his accounts significantly differs from his previous accounts while he was in Africa. His Equiano’s point of view, Europeans saw slavery as an economically viable way to exploit Africans and make tremendous profits from the trade. We can see evidence of this from how they loaded the slaves in masses unto ships that caused the condition to be â€Å"so crowded that each had scarcely room to turn himself. †(Equiano,p703. ) His account provides evidence of Europeans negligence and inhumane treatment of slaves by putting them in these horrific living conditions. These living conditions not only brought suffering, but sickness and death to many slaves from Equiano’s accounts. We can also see that Europeans did not believe that African slaves had any humanity and saw them as purely property to be exploited when Equiano described how a â€Å"multitude of black people of every description chained together. †(Equiano,p702. ) From what Equiano described as he was traded to the Europeans, it is clear that European and African slavers had a much different perspective on slavery. Equiano’s autobiography gives historians a firsthand account of what he sees as he journey throughout Africa and across the Atlantic Ocean. His autobiography provides us evidence that Europeans exploited the African slave trade and treated slaves much more inhumanly then the African slavers. Although Equiano could be slightly biased due to the fact that he was African and he addressed largely to European Christians from his autobiography, his accounts from a firsthand view gives historians evidence to believe that Europeans did in fact treated slaves far worst then Africans.

Spence v. Washington (1974)

Spence v. Washington (1974) Should the government be able to prevent people from attaching symbols, words, or pictures to American flags in public? That was the question before the Supreme Court in Spence v. Washington, a case where a college student was prosecuted for publicly displaying an American flag to which he had attached large peace symbols. The Court found that Spence had a constitutional right to use the American flag to communicate his intended message, even if the government disagreed with him. Fast Facts: Spence v. Washington Case Argued: January 9, 1974Decision Issued:  June 25, 1974Petitioner: Harold Omond SpenceRespondent: State of WashingtonKey Question: Was a Washington State law criminalizing the display of a modified American flag in violation of the First and Fourteenth Amendments?Majority Decision: Justices Douglas, Stewart, Brennan, Marshall, Blackmun, and PowellDissenting: Justices Burger, White, and RehnquistRuling: The right to modify the flag was an expression of freedom of speech, and as applied, the Washington State statute was in violation of the First Amendment.   Spence v. Washington: Background In Seattle, Washington, a college student named Spence hung an American flag outside the window of his private apartment - upside down and with peace symbols attached to both sides. He was protesting violent acts by the American government, for example in Cambodia and the fatal shootings of college students at Kent State University. He wanted to associate the flag more closely with peace than war: I felt there had been so much killing and that this was not what America stood for. I felt that the flag stood for America and I wanted people to know that I thought America stood for peace. Three police officers saw the flag, entered the apartment with Spence’s permission, seized the flag, and arrested him. Although Washington state had a law banning desecration of the American flag, Spence was charged under a law banning â€Å"improper use† of the American flag, denying people the right to: Place or cause to be placed any word, figure, mark, picture, design, drawing or advertisement of any nature upon any flag, standard, color, ensign or shield of the United States or of this state ... orExpose to public view any such flag, standard, color, ensign or shield upon which shall have been printed, painted or otherwise produced, or to which shall have been attached, appended, affixed or annexed any such word, figure, mark, picture, design, drawing or advertisement... Spence was convicted after the judge told the jury that merely displaying the flag with an attached peace symbol was sufficient grounds for conviction. He was fined $75 and sentenced to 10 days in jail (suspended). The Washington Court of Appeals reversed this, declaring that the law overbroad. The Washington Supreme Court reinstated the conviction and Spence appealed to the Supreme Court. Spence v. Washington: Decision In an unsigned, per curiam decision, the Supreme Court said the Washington law â€Å"impermissibly infringed a form of protected expression.† Several factors were cited: the flag was private property, it was displayed on private property, the display did not risk any breach of peace, and finally even the state admitted that Spence was â€Å"engaged in a form of communication.† As to whether the state has an interest in preserving the flag as â€Å"an unalloyed symbol of our country,† the decision states: Presumably, this interest might be seen as an effort to prevent the appropriation of a revered national symbol by an individual, interest group, or enterprise where there was a risk that association of the symbol with a particular product or viewpoint might be taken erroneously as evidence of governmental endorsement. Alternatively, it might be argued that the interest asserted by the state court is based on the uniquely universal character of the national flag as a symbol.For the great majority of us, the flag is a symbol of patriotism, of pride in the history of our country, and of the service, sacrifice, and valor of the millions of Americans who in peace and war have joined together to build and to defend a Nation in which self-government and personal liberty endure. It evidences both the unity and diversity which are America. For others, the flag carries in varying degrees a different message. â€Å"A person gets from a symbol the meaning he puts into it, and what is one manâ⠂¬â„¢s comfort and inspiration is another’s jest and scorn.† None of this mattered, though. Even accepting a state interest here, the law was still unconstitutional because Spence was using the flag to express ideas which viewers would be able to understand. Given the protected character of his expression and in light of the fact that no interest the State may have in preserving the physical integrity of a privately owned flag was significantly impaired on these facts, the conviction must be invalidated. There was no risk that people would think the government was endorsing Spence’s message and the flag carries so many different meanings to people that the state cannot proscribe the use of the flag to express certain political views. Spence v. Washington: Significance This decision avoided dealing with whether people have a right to display flags they have permanently altered to make a statement. Spence’s alteration was deliberately temporary, and the justices appear to have thought this relevant. However, at least a free speech right to at least temporarily â€Å"deface† the American flag was established. The Supreme Court’s decision in Spence v. Washington was not unanimous. Three justices - Burger, Rehnquist, and White - disagreed with the majority’s conclusion that individuals have a free speech right to alter, even temporarily, an American flag in order to communicate some message. They agreed that Spence was indeed engaged in communicating a message, but they disagreed that Spence should be allowed to alter the flag to do so. Writing a dissent joined by Justice White, Justice Rehnquist stated: The true nature of the State’s interest in this case is not only one of preserving â€Å"the physical integrity of the flag,† but also one of preserving the flag as â€Å"an important symbol of nationhood and unity.† ... It is the character, not the cloth, of the flag which the State seeks to protect. [...]The fact that the State has a valid interest in preserving the character of the flag does not mean, of course, that it can employ all conceivable means to enforce it. It certainly could not require all citizens to own the flag or compel citizens to salute one. ... It presumably cannot punish criticism of the flag, or the principles for which it stands, any more than it could punish criticism of this country’s policies or ideas. But the statute in this case demands no such allegiance.Its operation does not depend upon whether the flag is used for communicative or noncommunicative purposes; upon whether a particular message is deemed commercial or politica l; upon whether the use of the flag is respectful or contemptuous; or upon whether any particular segment of the State’s citizenry might applaud or oppose the intended message. It simply withdraws a unique national symbol from the roster of materials that may be used as a background for communications. [emphasis added] It should be noted that Rehnquist and Burger dissented from the Court’s decision in Smith v. Goguen for substantially the same reasons. In that case, a teenager was convicted for wearing a small American flag on the seat of his pants. Although White voted with the majority, in that case, he attached a concurring opinion where he stated that he would not â€Å"find it beyond congressional power, or that of state legislatures, to forbid attaching to or putting on the flag any words, symbols, or advertisements.† Just two months after the Smith case was argued, this one appeared before the court - though that case was decided first. As was true with the Smith v. Goguen case, the dissent here simply misses the point. Even if we accept Rehnquist’s assertion that the state has an interest in preserving the flag as â€Å"an important symbol of nationhood and unity,† this does not automatically entail that the state the authority to fulfill this interest by prohibiting people from treating a privately own flag as they see fit or by criminalizing certain uses of the flag to communicate political messages. There is a missing step here - or more likely several missing steps - which Rehnquist, White, Burger and other supporters of bans on flag â€Å"desecration† never manage to include in their arguments. It’s likely that Rehnquist recognized this. He acknowledges, after all, that there are limits to what the state may do in pursuit of this interest and cites several examples of extreme government behavior which would cross the line for him. But where, exactly, is that line and why does he draw it in the place he does? Upon what basis does he allow some things but not others? Rehnquist never says and, for this reason, the effectiveness of his dissent completely fails. One more important thing should be noted about Rehnquist’s dissent: he makes it explicit that criminalizing the certain uses of the flag to communicate messages must apply to respectful as well as contemptuous messages. Thus, the words â€Å"America is Great† would be just as prohibited as the words â€Å"America Sucks.† Rehnquist is at least consistent here, and that’s good - but how many supporters of bans on flag desecration would accept this particular consequence of their position? Rehnquist’s dissent suggests very strongly that if the government has the authority to criminalize burning an American flag, it can criminalize waving an American flag as well.

Individual development plans (IDPs) part 2 Essay

Individual development plans (IDPs) part 2 - Essay Example An important characteristic of development objectives pertains to skills assessment. It is crucial for an individual to conduct an assessment of all the required and necessary skills to meet the objectives. An honest self-assessment will help identify gaps, as well as, strategies to seal the gaps within the specified timeframe. Strategies are such as one-on-one tutorials, workshops, and seminars can help accomplish the objectives (Feldman, 2011). The second aspect that leads to the effectiveness of the IDP is the timeline of the development. One ought to have a strict schedule that he or she will commit towards a particular development. It is impossible to attain all the skills needed for a long-term development in a few weeks. In the same way, a short-term development requires less time to acquire the needed skills (Feldman, 2011). A timeline serves as the roadmap to success for one to achieve various professional and academic developments. Setting a realistic timeframe for each development is crucial to the fruition of the IDP. Commitment to the development within the set time is an important characteristic needed for one be successful (Feldman,

ASSIGNMENT- Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

- - Assignment Example This will allow me to quantify the competence of players in each of the six competence areas, and provide me with objective results and hence, names of the players to be drafted. What will you do to motivate the players? Motivation comes from satisfaction and self actualization. In order to inculcate both in the players, it is imperative that the leader makes them aware of the importance of the task at hand and the significance of their individualistic and collective roles in making the project successful. When the players are explained the background of the project along with its importance and their own importance, it makes them feel important that in turn, inculcates satisfaction. Therefore, I shall call a meeting and demonstrate the project, along with their roles and responsibilities in it. I shall also assure them that their hard work will be rewarded in any way the organization deems appropriate. Successful players may get a financial reward or be promoted or sent to paid leav e etc. The team knows that it is involved in a corporate bake-off, winner take all. What members don't know is that it is a suicide mission, meaning results won't matter because the parent firm is sinking underneath it.   A.

Urban Water Quality Issues Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 242

Urban Water Quality Issues - Assignment Example An instance where referencing will be essential in technical writing is in research dissertations in order to indicate the historical backgrounds of different water elements and water quality issues. This analyzes the previous researches that were undertaken by some engineers in a similar field to prove or reject the claims presented. Referencing in technical writing will also apply in transaction documents issued to supplier or vendors of engineering materials. Similarly, engineers normally enter into contracts with other parties and this requires legal interpretations of the phrases used in the documents (Jaffe & Trajtenberg, 2008). It is essential to ensure that the contract provisions conform to the laws by indicating the correct sections through credible references.ABC Company requested the submission of a report concerning urban water quality issues in which the findings by various researches indicated that the activity would be successful. Regnery, et al (2013), claim that urb anization has affected the quality of water due to factors like population growth, urban runoff, and sewage overflow. It is apparent that the high number of residents within the urban centers has contributed to developments that affect the drainage systems. Such constructions spoil the water resources because the water supply cannot serve the high population (Regnery, et al., 2013). Â  This leads to the shortage of water within the areas and the residents are forced to use untreated water from other sources. The author also indicates that urban runoff and sewage overflows sleeps water downhill to other areas, causing flooding and blockages.

Mechanisms of Autoimmunity in Animal Models and Humans

Mechanisms of Autoimmunity in Animal Models and Humans Norzawani Binti Buang Genetic and cellular mechanisms of autoimmunity in animal models and humans

Revenge and Emotions Essay -- Literary Analysis, Shakespeare

In the world today, many people face family problems every single day, but there are few people who face adversities as tough as those in William Shakespeare’s plays. Coping with family problems can cause a person to do vile things to themselves as well as to others. Shakespeare’s famous play revolves around revenge, which is the desire to do harm in return for a wrong. His play shows how the loss of loved ones can affect people. He builds up the idea that people do harmful things through anger rather than reasoning. In the play Hamlet, the characters face emotions that lead to revenge because they are unable to cope with the death of love ones. Hamlet’s Uncle Claudius kills his father, but he has no knowledge of this. The ghost says, â€Å"I am thy father’s spirit, doomed for a certain term to walk to the night, and for the day confined to fast in fires, till the foul crimes done in my days of nature are burnt and purged away† (I.v.9-33). The ghost tells Hamlet that he is his father and that a foul crime has been committed. He also tells him that the crime is forgotten. Hamlet finds out that his uncle kills his father by pouring poison in his ear while he is sleeping. Ghost says, â€Å"List, list, O, list! If thou didst ever thy dear father love —† (I.v.21-23). At this point, the ghost is saying to Hamlet if he has any love for his father he will avenge his death. The ghost states, â€Å"Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder† (I.v.25). Hamlet’s father is telling him to get revenge for his death. Hamlet ‘s initial reaction is to avenge his father, a reaction that is brought on by a sudden shock of the ghost’s confession.To prove that Hamlet has love for his father he is going to avenge his father’s death. â€Å"Haste me to know’t, that... ...and wounds the king. Hamlet finds out that the king poisoned the drink that killed his mother. Hamlet is full of rage and runs his uncle through with the poisoned sword. Hamlet states, â€Å"Here, thou incestuous, murd’rous damned Dane, drink off this potion. Is thy union here? Follow my mother† (V.ii.304-306). Hamlet makes the king drink the same drink that kills his mother. Hamlet has fulfilled the ghost’s wishes. The theme of revenge reaches its conclusion when Hamlet kills Claudius. Revenge is the core theme in Shakespeare’s Hamlet. Death of loved ones cause the characters to act blindly through anger and emotion which cause them to carry out revenge. Hamlet has opportunities to kill Claudius, but he waits until the time is right to kill him. Hamlet, and the Laertes both accomplishes their task. Their obsession and need for revenge lead them to their downfalls.

The Growth Stage

The growth stage brings many challenges to blended value businesses, and one of the most significant concerning mission preservation involves changes in leadership during scaling, especially to the role of the founder. It is common in early-stage businesses for the founder to guide all aspects of the organization. When companies begin to grow, however, things start to change. From this moment onward, the involvement of the founder with the company must evolve as much as the firm itself does. At this point, formal governance systems and processes must be created to take the place of the informal ones employed during the start-up phase. The transfer of responsibility from the charismatic individual, the founder, to the governing board is one hallmark of a more substantial shift toward a more systemized, collaborative approach that needs to take place in all businesses as they grow (Clark, Emerson & Thornley, 2014). For social entrepreneurships, it can signal a dangerous moment for the social mission. Often the founder's leadership—his or her passion and vision—is what establishes the clear connection between the business and mission in the first place. As the leadership shifts from founder to governing board, new ways need to be found to embed mission in the systems that will provide direction for the business from this point on. Shifting leadership from founder to board can be a challenge for many types of organizations, but it may present a particular obstacle for social entrepreneurships. The figure of the founder looms large in the social impact world encouraged by a high number of prizes and programs aimed at individual entrepreneurs. Partly as a result of such well-meaning support efforts, some founders have risen to personal prominence alongside their blended value companies, becoming public faces for their businesses, ambassadors for their brand with high media, and field level visibility. At the growth stage, such over-emphasis on founders can create the conditions under which so-called founder's syndrome can arise.

The Rocking

The Rocking Book Summary The Rocking-Horse Winner describes a young boy’s search for luck and love in a world with no love. Paul has a gift of picking the winning horse in horse races. His mother, Hester, in contrary, has no luck and even though she is outwardly successful, she is troubled by a feeling of failure.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Rocking-Horse Winner specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The family’s expenditure exceeds its income and creates unspoken tension and this affects the relationships in the family. Paul and his two sisters recognize this tension and Paul even alleges that he can hear the house whispering, â€Å"There must be more money† (Lawrence, 1926). Paul informs his uncle (Oscar) and Bassett, the gardener, about his luck on betting in horses: he has been betting using his pocket money and has won and accumulated some money. Both men place huge bets on the horse Paul identifies t o be a potential winner. After their win, Paul and Bassett give Paul’s mother a very expensive gift, but this makes her spend more money, this upsets Paul and he works harder to be lucky. As a Derby race nears, Paul strives to know the name of the winning horse. He does this by riding his rocking horse so that he can get to a state in which he can be sure about the winning horse. He remains sick on the day of the Derby but Bassett places bets on the horse that was identified by Paul, and even places a bet for Paul. The horse wins and Paul wins eighty thousand pounds, however, he dies at night. Analysis The Rocking-Horse Winner presents a society in search of love and luck and this is evident from a number of characters. The main characters in the short story, Paul and Hester, are in search of love. Paul’s mother, Hester, entered marriage with a handsome man because of love, but the love died. Even though she has three children out of the marriage, she could not love th em, and does not even love herself for she is troubled by a feeling of failure. The closest she ever comes to finding love is through her son, Paul, but she rejects him too. Indeed, her lack of love for her children is shown when the author writes, â€Å"only she herself knew that at the centre of her heart was a hard little place that could not feel love, no, not for anybody† (Lawrence, 1926). While everyone thinks of her as a great parent, only she knows that her heart is hard and cannot love, not even her children who need it very much. To her, success and happiness means getting more money. Hester’s desire for material wealth surpasses that of other important things such as love and self-knowledge. Her desire for money is insatiable, instead, they lead to disastrous results when she confuses money with love. In her pursuit of more money, Hester loses some basic family values.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Her main aim is to bring up her children in a flamboyant lifestyle, as a result, her relationship with her children and husband dies. Whenever she gets money, she overspends it. Although the family lives in a â€Å"pleasant house† complete with servants and a nurse, they take them as show off objects. Hester’s uncontrollable spending creates tensions inside the household and this is personified by the whispering sounds that seem to come out the house and say â€Å"there must be more money† (Lawrence, 1926). Paul’s talk with his mother about luck makes him believe that her mother’s love can only be won with money and luck. She makes a strong connection with luck and money. When Paul asks her whether luck was money, she replies, â€Å"Its what causes you to have money† (Lawrence, 1926). From this talk, Paul concludes that his luck would make her happy, and this would translate to lo ve. In contrary, she becomes greedier and is more concerned about money than loving her son (Snodgrass, pp. 196). Paul’s ability to identify the winning horse pulls Oscar and Bassett into the betting business. Paul would get onto a rocking boat and rock continuously, like he was part of the race, until he got into a state in which he was sure of the winning horse. At the final race, Paul drives himself harder and harder to identify the winning horse. His mother’s insatiability and whispering house drives him to try more and more as he knew that he would achieve two important things if he identified the winning horse: make his mother happy, and win her love. Paul’s desperate actions are an attempt to win love from his hard-hearted mother. These efforts leave him sick and weak. After Bassett tells him that he had won eighty thousand pounds from the derby race, he tells his mother, â€Å"†¦did I ever tell you? I am lucky!† to which the mother replies, à ¢â‚¬Å"No, you never did† (Lawrence, 1926), this proves that Hester never loved her children, especially Paul. Paul dies that night after failing to win his mother’s love. Lawrence, David Herbert Richards. The Rocking-Horse Winner. In The Norton Introduction to Literature. Alison Booth and Kelly J. Mays, eds. Portable 10th ed. New York: Norton, 2011. Print.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Rocking-Horse Winner specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Snodgrass, William de Witt. A Rocking-Horse: The Symbol, the Pattern, the Way to Live. The Hudson Review, Vol. 11, No. 2, 1958, pp. 191-200

The Future of Human Computer Interface and Interactions

The Future of Human Computer Interface and Interactions Introduction The society today has completely changed due to technology. Technology is changing at a very rapid rate and with the changes come the need to adapt to them. Computer has changed the way human being does his activities (Beaureau 2008, p.36). Unlike before when most of the activities were done manually, computer has enabled automation of most of activities, especially in large companies.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Future of Human Computer Interface and Interactions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is now possible for a manager to monitor activities taking place in a different company’s branch from where he or she is by use of computerized gadgets. Management and other duties have been redefined by introduction of the modern day gadgets that are computer controlled. The Future of Human Computer Interface and Interactions Human Computer Interface refers to the interactivity between compute r and people (Sutherland, Robertson and John 2009, p.49). Unlike other gadgets that do not communicate with the user, computer is the only tool that will have a direct communication with the user. This interactivity is made possible by both the software and the hardware. The user passes the communication by use hardware like mouse and keyboard and receives the communication through characters displayed on monitor, or through sound. However, this method of communication is only reliable to people who are not handicapped. People without hands and those that are mentally handicapped may not be in a position to operate the traditional computers properly (Rodgers and Streluk 2002, p.98). However, this may be changing very soon. Dr. Eric Leuthardt and a group of other scientist have developed a new computer interface that would accommodate the physically handicapped. This interface allows one to control the computer using the brain. The computer is programmed to read the mind and respond to the demands of that mind. By using the power of their thought, these physically handicapped individuals are able to control the cursor to issue commands to the computer. This interface will also benefit individuals with spinal code injuries or paralysis This invention is so sophisticated as in makes it possible for anyone to use this gadget regardless of the physical challenges that one may be having. Moreover, it comes with speed as the commands will be issued as soon as they come to the mind.Advertising Looking for essay on computer science? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When iPad was launched, everyone was asking what the next invention will be. A group of Australian scientist has come with a new invention that is very similar to that of iPad. It has the ability to read anything placed on it. This makes it very appropriate in places that require high level of security like in the airports or the five star hot els. It can also be of good use in places like supermarkets in the billing section. The future of human computer interface and interactivity is already here. Life is becoming easier with every technological invention. This has a positive impact both in the short and long run, especially in the field of entertainment and digital divide. Human being will also be able to delegate much of his duties to computers. A keener look into this phenomenon will reveal that in as much as these inventions are necessary and that they have positive impact on mankind, it is also true that they come at a cost. The effect of these sophisticated machines on the environment is adverse, especially when poorly disposed (Abbot 2001, p.79). These inventions will also impact negatively on culture, as life becomes what one wants, regardless of age. It is therefore necessary to take care as we embrace this technology. List of References Abbot, C 2001, ICT: Changing Education, New York, Routledge. Beaureau, B 20 08, Information and Communication Technology: The Industrial Revolution That Wasn’t, New York, Lulu. Rodgers, A, and Streluk, A 2002, ICT Key Stage 1, London, Nelson Thornes Ltd. Sutherland, R, Robertson, S and John, P 2009, Improving Classroom Learning with ICT, New York, Routledge.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Future of Human Computer Interface and Interactions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

The commercial invoice; the pro forma invoice Assignment

The commercial invoice; the pro forma invoice - Assignment Example Question 2 The amount of risk that a business will bear will depend on whether the business is the importer or the exporter, as well as the particular incoterms that are involved on a particular transaction. For instance, if the business is an importer, the business will incur the least risk if the incoterm being used is CIF, because this will have the least risk (William, 2009). This is because the seller (exporter) will have to take care of the goods on their way not only to the destination port but all the way to the inland destination of the buyer. This includes buying the insurance for the goods as they are on transit. As a result, this means two important things to the buyer, who is the importer. First, is that there is no risk of the goods on transit that the importer will have to bear incase the risk materializes. Second is that even if the risk was to materialize, the importer would be protected because the insurance will pay off the losses. The importance of Cost, Insurance and Freight (named port of destination) is that incase the goods are lost or damaged and the seller was not in a position to compensate the buyer, the buyer doesn’t have to incur the loss because the insurance will pay for the goods. ... The fact that the process by which the US government uses to create money and value for the same money is faulty and needs to be changed is not debatable. However, as Maxwell (2009) says, it can only be hoped that the new technology that is eliminating the issuance of printed money will solve part of this problem. However, this is a problem that will need to be solved and a better mechanism be put in place to avoid the problem that fiat currency is causing. This as McGregory (2009) says, is going to be one of the main things that will have to be solved in the twenty-first millennium for the world economy to succeed. Question 4 Part i FOB – Free on Board to a named port of shipment This incoterm makes sure that the risk of the goods is shared between the two sides of the deal. The buyer assumes the risk after the goods have been loaded for shipping, while the seller assumes the risk of the goods only until the goods have been loaded for shipping. Part ii CIF – Cost, Insu rance and Freight to a named port of destination This incoterm puts all obligation, both transport and insurance of the goods in transit to the seller and makes sure that the buyer is fully protected from any risk or obligation. Part iii CIF – Cost, Insurance and Freight to a named port of destination Same as above, the exporter assumes all risks and costs for shipping the goods. Part IV EXW – Ex Works to a named place of delivery. This incoterm minimizes the obligation of the exporter so that the exporter only has insurance and freight costs only up to the point where the goods are loaded at the port of export. The buyer has to know how to get the goods from the seller’s premises and decide on whether they want to

Yank in The Hairy Ape Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Yank in The Hairy Ape - Essay Example He does not reveal much about his roots, but it is evident that his childhood was painful. In the pauses between his parents’ incessant fighting during which furniture got broken, he was made to attend church every Sunday morning, only to be forced to run away after his mother’s death, when he could not handle any more of his father’s beatings. His troublesome beginnings have taught him that he will be forced to fend for himself in this cruel world. However, since man is a social being and thrives on the interaction with other members of the society, he needs to belong. Yank equates this highly relevant notion of belonging with power and importance. When he believes he belongs to something, he gains strength and feels almost invincible, but when he is rejected by a group, he feels terribly weak. He also associates this sense of belonging with the usefulness and functionality of an individual. For example, the firemen belong to the ship due to the fact that they a re essentially responsible for the proper functioning of the ship. Despite the fact that he believes himself to be essential for this, the fact of the matter is that industrialization has reduced the human worker into a machine.

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Management - Essay Example The effect of planning in facilitating management decisions cannot be overremphasises. It is an art of deciding in advance what to do, how to do it and who is to do it. It is normally a mental work which is intellectual in nature. It involves determining the goals, policies procedure and other plans needed to achieve organisational objectives. In planning, it is important that policies procedures, standards and methods of accomplishing goals are established. Also important is the ability to anticipate problems and money plans. Organizing on its own part is the grouping of work and workers by job and department, allocation of space equipment and resources in organizing it is important to break down work into operative units, select and place individuals on proper jobs with adequate provision of personnel, facilities and resources. Leading has to do with providing direction for subordinates and being responsible for the actions taken by them. Staffing involves filling vacant position in the organizational structure. It helps in defining manpower requirement and recruiting qualified personnel it also involves the selection and training of employees, prompting and appraising staff performance. Most, if not all, of these skills was what I was consciously trained to imbibe in the course of taking AC346. Studying was a very vital aspect of this course, read volumes of recommended and Non-Recommended Texts in order to grasp the substance of the course. I had to analyse and assimilate views as posited by different authors and I also do very much consider this as synonymous with the planning aspect involved in management. Furthermore written essay were on integral part of this course. In connecting our tutor we understood the concepts presented within the course it was important for me to be able to reproduce what had been assimilated and even present my own ideas in written essays, also an essential sale needed in management work after graduation. Co-operation was also vital in this course, as we had to work together as presentation groups. This helped in developing team spirit among team members. Individual contributions were encouraged and adopted in order to ensure success for the group. This tallies very well with organizational skills relevant in management after graduation with features such as grouping of work and workers by job and department allocation of space and equipment etc. All of these work functions are very important because it would be difficult to achieve organizational objectives without proper planning, organizing controlling and leading. Organisations are pre-occupied with myriads of problems without proper organizing and controlling; it would be a Herculean task to solve the problems. Management functions make provisions for purposeful direction and orderliness in executing polices. These management functions provide solid basis for controlling organizational activities. One major skill acquired as we laboured on this course was the principle of management by objectives - I personally look forward to a management position in a blue chip company where this skill is highly required management by obj

My Best Friend Essay Example for Free

My Best Friend Essay â€Å"Don’t walk in front of me, I may not follow; don’t walk behind me, I may not lead; Just walk beside me, and be my friend†. I’m going to describe someone who means the world to me and also has a huge impact in my life. I have one such good friend who walks beside me and who extends her hand, when I am about to slip and fall. She is my greatest asset in life, which I treasure more than anything else in this world. She is my best friend. My best friend is Mahliet Mersha. We come from the same neighborhood. Our houses are situated close to each other’s. Both Mahliet and I are of same age and belong to more or less same economic background. In fact, what has cemented our friendship deep is that our families have been close to each other for a long time. My father and Mahliet’s father were good friends back in Ethiopia. Another reason, which probably helped us to become good friends, is that we have grown together. We have spent our childhood days playing, fighting, learning, and enjoying together. Mahliet and I generally go to school together but I will be leaving Mahliet because it’s going to be my final year. Mahliet has many excellent qualities of heart and mind. Her simplicity, smartness, neatness, intelligence, straightforwardness, cool temperament, pleasant behavior, gentle ways, dutifulness, etc. have made her one of the most liked and popular students in the school. Mahliet’s sweet temperament is her greatest quality. She never hurts others or speaks ill of others. She has an amazing personality. She also helps me more than anybody. She tries to do all she can to make me come up to her level. She never goes to any movies or party without me. I do the same for her. My best friend has been through a lot she is currently living with me sometimes and also living with my other friend Helen. I’ve helped Mahliet from day one; she was having problems at home and not living a healthy life. Whenever I am sick, she is the first to come and see me. There is no function in my home without her presence. All these have combined to make our friendship deep and lasting. The best trait that I admire and like most in my friend is her disciplined life. She gets up on time, does her homework always, attends school regularly, respects her teachers and elders and never indulges in unhealthy ways such as, smoking, taking alcohol, idling away time, skipping classes etc. Her principle of ‘duty first- enjoyment second’ is something that I find difficult to follow, yet try to imitate. She corrects me whenever I commit any mistake. For me she is a source of inspiration, support and also a role model to imitate. I am ever grateful to the almighty for having given me such a good friend. I cherish it as my greatest treasure. I am sure our friendship will grow deeper and deeper in the years to come. I wish everyone had such friends in life. I know I can always count on Mahliet whenever I need her and she also feels the same way. My best friend brings joy to me.

The company culture of Pixar Animation Studios

The company culture of Pixar Animation Studios Introduction The origin of Pixar is traced back to 1984 when John Lasseter the Chief Creative Officer of Disney and Pixar joined the computer graphics division of Lucasfilms. Two years later Steve Jobs bought this unit and renamed it Pixar that went on to produce award winning short films, commercials and documentaries. The Company expanded its creative potentials to make its first computer animated movie, Toy Story in 1995 that marked the beginning of a new era in animation film industry. Pixar re-defined the meaning of success with major triumphs in the form of The Incredibles, Finding Nemo, Toy Story 2, and many others to follow. The Company was acquired by Disney in the year 2006, a strategic alliance that expanded the creative potentials of Pixar to further heights. The success of the company has been termed as dramatic and inspirational for other firms in the creative industry segment. The much talked about Pixar culture provides an interesting insight into how an organization can nurture t he creative talents of its employees across different levels. Research issue The research paper explores the different dimensions of the Pixar culture and its open door policy to understand the ways in which the organization has expanded its creative potentials to become one of the most innovative organizations in the industry. The objective of the paper is to analyse the impacts of the people management practices adopted at Pixar in promoting a creative work environment. Theoretical analysis framework Theoretical analysis provides any research work with the necessary facts and evidence that support the research findings and implications. In this section, the paper will focus on analysing the organizational culture of Pixar through two distinctive models the organizational aesthetics model and Handy (1985) or Harrison (1972) Model of culture. The study of these two theoretical dimensions enable a deeper insight and understanding of how the structural design and practices within an organization shapes its workplace environment and employee attitudes. The study and understanding of these two theoretical dimensions have been used to analyse the Pixar culture that promotes creativity through an enabling work culture. Organizational aesthetics model Aesthetics offers a new look into organizations, and a look at alternative ways of expressing and making meanings that deeply influence organizational interactions, behaviours, and understandings (Taylor Hansen, 2005). Aesthetics relate to our senses and contextual experiences that shape our knowledge and beliefs. Organizational activities and strategies are to a wide extent influenced by the social and contextual environment in which they exist. The underlying assumption of the aesthetic approach to the study of organizations is that, although an organization is indeed a social and collective construct, it is not an exclusively cognitive one but derives from the knowledge-creating faculties of all the human senses (Linstead Hopfl, 2000). According to this approach organizations are created through the re-definition and application of knowledge processing skills that are harnessed for productive gains. Since the organizational processes are widely impacted by the individual perceptions, attitudes, beliefs, opinions, values and reflections of the workforce that drive operational efficiencies. These are indicators of organizational aesthetics that bind the various elements into a more cohesive structure that helps in the production of goods and services for the larger community. Recent Trend in Organization Aesthetics The significance of such models is underlined by the increasing diversity of the workforce in present business environment and the difficulties faced in integrating the skills of individuals from varied knowledge sectors to develop a single product. Research studies have established that an understanding of the organizational aesthetics can help in improving managerial abilities to lead the team towards a more effective performance. Studies have revealed that the understanding of organizational aesthetics can help managers to identify the parameters of how to analyse and approach any issue. This particular aspect enables the organization to pursue a strategy well defined and supported by an understanding of human values and dimensions that impact work performance. Organization Aesthetics in Pixar Bill Capodagli, the author of Innovate the Pixar Way: Lessons from the Worlds most Creative Corporate Playground in an interview with the Enterpriseleadership.org (2010) stated that Pixar has a set of deeply rooted values that champion excellence, tap innovation, and encourage collaboration. Following this observation, it can be inferred that the organizational practices and strategies adopted by Pixar have been a vital factor in promoting its creative talents. The question that this observation raises is what kind of organizational design and practices Pixar has that promotes such creativity. Organizational structure plays a critical role in nurturing individual talent and providing the employees with the opportunity to deliver their true potentials Edgar Schein in 1985 observed that organizations can be broadly categorised into two types Organization A that adopts an open environment facilitated by free flow of communication and less formal atmosphere; and organization B that supports a closed door structure featured by formal work procedures and low interactivity among employees. Pixar belongs to the Organization A type that exhibits an open culture (Schein, 2004). This kind of organization supports team based work culture. The success formula of Pixar is based on team work, collaboration and free flow of communication between individuals. The high level of interaction and flow of communication within the organization is promoted by its flat organizational structure. The organization is founded on remarkable management practices that discourage hierarchical system of r eporting. The non hierarchical organizational structure promotes responsibilities and motivates the employees to put in their best at work resulting in high performing organizations. However, such work culture demands strong commitment and high level of energy from the employees. The operating principles of Pixar is based on freedom to communicate with anyone, a work environment that is safe for everyone to offer ideas, and staying close to innovations happening in the academic community (Catmull, 2008). The creative focus of the organization has been on harnessing its human resource potentials to the optimum through the application of aesthetic organizational principles (McElroy Morrow, 2010). This involves providing its employees with a work environment that is most informal with all amenities and luxuries that enable the stimulation of the creative senses of the workforce (Buzalka, 2006). The company adopts a non-hierarchical organization structure that encourages associates to actively participate in the decision making process at all stages. The organization supports employee empowerment in the form of supportive management practices that focuses on employee skills development and promoting participative leadership style. The lack of formal reporting lines and accountability of employees is compensated with mentors who assist the new comers into the organization and guide them through various stages of career progression. The ability of the organization to create and sustain in novation at work is dependent on speed, transparency and accountability (Hamilton, 2005). Organizational design is to a large extent guided by the flow of information across various levels and departments. Entrepreneurs re-engineer business processes to accommodate a flatter form of organization structure that necessitates free flow of information and knowledge to the workforce. Organizational structure plays a pivotal role in determining organizational culture and values, communication lines and the extent of employee involvement in decision making process. The levels of reporting and accountability framework of a company determine the corporate culture and work environment existing within the company. In current business context, entrepreneurs re-engineer business processes to accommodate a flatter organization structure that necessitates free flow of information and knowledge to the workforce. Knowledge and learning culture forms the key to business success in todays competitive industry. Pixar has managed to leverage existing technology tools to create competitive adv antage through enhancing its competencies and skills to adapt to new systems and innovate work processes for launching and creating new ideas. The effectiveness of such work processes is largely impacted by employee skills, competencies and access to relevant information. In the organizational context, knowledge is a tool that helps the organization to achieve strategic goals and objectives. These goals include generating a reputation for technical expertise, translating expertise into new business ideas, gaining new experience in specific areas to achieve cost advantage and optimum use of internal resources. At Pixar the open organization design facilitates interaction between employees that promotes teamwork. Such initiatives contribute to organizational productivity by providing the employees with a suitable physical environment to work in. Pixar presents a fine blending of learning and team work assisted by an open organizational design that enables the company to roll out new ideas and creative products for their target audience. Advantages of Organizational Aesthetics Workplace design and physical office environment plays a significant role in enhancing organizational productivity and performance. Research studies have concluded that improvements in office design and management are not the only consideration for organizational productivity, but they have an important role to play; offices should be considered as a potential asset rather than just a space to house employees (Charles Zweirzchowski, 2004). Organizational aesthetics take into account the need for designing workspaces to meet the work process requirements. Adequate space designing for privacy of work, open office plans to promote teamwork and interaction between co-workers support the organizational goals by providing the employees with the desired workspace. Technology has created new expectations and influenced consumer behavior to include a wide gamut of options and possibilities that can be explored by organizations to launch new trends and range of products. Such business models are supported by increased collaboration and interaction between employees across different departments. The open design office structure supported by Pixar enables the employees to communicate and discuss freely the work issues and details. Discussions and deliberations on work issues are effective in promoting work efficiency and enable the companies to come up with million dollar ideas. The right mix of design and functionality while planning office spaces can have a positive impact on organizational productivity and performance through reduced operational costs in the form of shared resources and effective teamwork. Types of office design The conventional office design and workplace layout have undergone massive transformations over the past few decades. The previous sections have elaborated on the significance of organizational aesthetics in developing creative potentials within the firm and the analysis highlights the impacts that structural design has on employee productivity and performance. Efficient workplace design can positively impact employee motivation levels and satisfaction. Theoretical frameworks in this context have emphasized the significance of workplace design and office layout plans in supporting organizational goals, work processes, innovative culture and business values. Bill Capodagli in an interview with the Credit Union Magazine recently commented that the success behind Pixar lay in its conceptualisation of a corporate playground that enabled its employees to relax and enjoy within the organization. When you go there, you may see people playing football or swimming in an Olympic sized pool. It has created an atmosphere where work is fun working hard and playing hard (Capodagli Credit Union, 2010). Pixar has adopted an open office design that enables its employees to share ideas, conceptualise new designs and initiate new practices for effective results. An analysis of the effectiveness of the office design theories put forward by Duffy (1997) reveals interesting insights into the Pixar model. Duffy (1997) in his works had proposed four distinct types of office design namely den, club, hive and cell. The matrix given below illustrates the extent to which these four office design types support interaction and autonomy in organizations The work culture at Pixar shows a high degree of team work and interaction between employees. The organization as studied in the previous sections supports a participative decision making process. The daily work of the employees is reviewed by peers and managers for assessing the effectiveness of outcomes (Capodagli, 2010). Hence the work environment at Pixar supports limited autonomy combined with high level of interactivity that is characterized by the Den office design as postulated by Duffy (1997). The effectiveness of such office design is emphasized by its contribution in motivating and inspiring employees towards creativity. Such workplace design according to Van der Voodt (2004) promotes a transparent organizational structure, enables employee empowerment, encourages team work, promotes learning, facilitates free flow of information, allows increased collaboration at work and creates a motivational environment. It can be inferred from the above discussion that organizational design and workplace layout must focus on enabling increased collaborative environment within the departments and hierarchies. Organization Culture and Workplace Environment The previous section highlighted the significance of organizational aesthetics and workplace design in shaping the Pixar work culture. However, the analysis of the success mantra of Pixar cannot be complete without an insight into its organizational culture that is reflected in its workplace environment. Organization culture defines the organizational belief, values and norms shared by the employees. An organization is shaped by the culture that predominates in work environment, employee behaviour and managerial attitude. Pixar adopts an organization culture that defies all traditional theories related to managing and running a business establishment. Conventional management practices focused on bureaucratic controls and centralised decision making system that demarcated distinctive roles for each individuals. The evolving concepts of organizational culture and practices focus more on employee welfare and development plans that inspire the workforce to display proactive behaviour at work. One of the distinctive challenges faced by all organizations today is motivating its employees to achieve higher levels of performance and build a work climate that induces positive attitude to work amongst its employees. Motivation is a key area where the organizational management needs to stand out in order to achieve a high degree of employee creativity skills in solving business problems. Opportunity oriented, reward oriented, freedom to explore and work on their own are some of the factors which contribute to a high degree of motivation which gives solidarity to the company and promotes a good organizational culture. A high degree of employe e motivation ensures that employees work freely and without reservations in achieving their desired goals. They are also given the freedom to work on their own to allow creative ideas and hence innovative practices to grow. This would not be possible in a restricting environment where the employees do not have the room to develop and grow their intrinsic creativity skills. Pixar adopted the innovative and creative approach to expand its market potentials and gain new grounds in an emerging industry. The promoters of the Company ensured that the team based work approach promoted creative talents of its employees and nurtured the potentials of the workforce through an enabling corporate learning environment. This is a new kind of movie studio that not only invents its own technology, much like a whiz-bang Silicon Valley Company, but also comes up with new production methods and organizational innovations that bring unheard of discipline to the crazy business of making movies (Schlender, 2004). Model of culture Different models of organizational culture have been proposed by researchers and academicians. Such models provide the basis for understanding the context in which organizations operate within the existing business environment. One of the models proposed by Roger Harrison (1972) suggested that organizational culture is primarily of four types that include power, role, task/achievement and person/support (Cartwright Cooper, 2000). This model was further researched by Handy to provide four distinctive categories of organization culture. The four categories have been identified as role culture, power culture, person culture, and task culture. The role culture reflects bureaucratic organization that takes into account the procedures and position of employees to define the existing work culture. The power culture is influenced by the control of individuals at the head who run the whole show for the business. The person culture is shaped by the leader-subordinate relationship that accounts for the existing work culture. The task culture is based on impact of individual knowledge and expertise that influences the work culture and environment (Itzen Nerwman, 2005). The organizational culture displayed at Pixar focuses on increased collaboration and team work culture. The creativity at Pixar is fostered daily by an open collaborative atmosphere in which every member of the team is engaged in the process and commited to a common goal in this case, a good entertaining story (Kiedaisch, 2010). The company adopts an integrated approach towards its people development strategies based on group learning initiatives and team work focus. One of the mechanisms adopted by organizations today is the reinforcement of team work that provides the individuals with the autonomy and freedom to act according to the need of the hour. Teams at Pixar are an integral part of operational processes and the organization relies extensively on teams to perform strategic functions. The team learning process is not only innovative and inspiring to the members but it also helps the organization devise new strategies and creative ideas that can work wonders for the business. Hence it can be concluded that Pixar displays task culture where individual expertise and skills are integrated with organizational capabilities and resources to produce new ideas and product designs. The task culture brings individuals working on specific tasks together to contribute to the completion of a bigger task. The work approach focuses on completing the job at hand successfully and more emphasis is given to a collaborative approach that necessitates the coming together of differently skilled people to accomplish the goal. Hence this kind of work culture promotes an informal work environment where decision making is usually reached through discussions and consensus between the employees. This type of work culture is also characterized by increased interaction and exchange of information between members. Suggested applicable solutions In order for an organization to remain relevant and to compete in pursuit of its mission, management of organizations must pay attention to both ends of the process, generating creative ideas frequently and utilizing its innovation process to realize the potential value of those ideas (McLean, 2005). Organizations operating in a competitive business environment depend on innovation and creativity through the adoption of latest technology tools and applications to drive market advantage in their favour. Management of technology and its judicious application in work processes facilitate the firms to deliver high quality products and superior work performance that is driven by an enabling work culture. Adopting work practices that promote creativity and innovation within firms can be a challenging task since the application of such business models are impacted by the human resource strategies, managerial capabilities and resource availability (Gilmartin, 1999). Studies of such business models in creative organizations have proved the effectiveness of these strategies that promote innovation and a positive work culture within the workforce. An analysis of the competitive industry environment provides a clear picture on the existing market environment and its current trends. The driving economic forces that guide the market movements and emergent technology trends are significant to the analysis of markets and help organizations like Pixar to define appropriate strategies to retain competitive advantage. Futuristic technologies are envisioned to create better and increased utility of existing products and services for improved applications and heightened consumer satisfaction. However, the effective utilisation of such technology trends depends on the creativity of its manpower. Creativity contributes to the generation of new ideas and help companies in distinguishing their products and services from their competitors in the market. Pursuing a creative organization approach must focus on developing the human resource of the organization. Conclusion The analysis of Pixar work culture and organizational aesthetics have highlighted some significant points in context of strengthening the innovative capabilities of a company. While office workspace design and structure play a significant role in influencing a positive work environment the role of organizational culture and strategic practices involving team work, participative leadership approach and employee empowerment in promoting creativity among employees cannot be ignored. The guiding principle behind managerial strategies and focus of the organization has been nurturing relationships and building trust among employees that helps in creating an amiable and creative work environment. If we get that right, the result is a vibrant community where talented people are loyal to one another and their collective work, everyone feels that they part of something extraordinary, and their passion and accomplishments make the community a magnet for talented people coming out of schools or working at other places (Catmull, 2008).